Loudness of non-steady-state sounds

Implementing sharpness using specific loudness calculated from the "Procedure for the Computation of Loudness of Steady Sounds"

Subjective Impression of Steady-state and Intermittent Sounds

Subjective impression of steady-state and intermittent sounds was examined. The component sound of intermittent sounds has 30ms riseand fall-time without steadystate portion and LAmax was 70 dB. The carrier was white noise. The number of component sounds was varied from 5 to 80 in 4800ms total duration of the sound. The steady-state sound with the same duration was also used. The sound levels o...

Overall loudness of short time-varying sounds

When predicting the overall loudness of time-varying sounds, it is necessary to use a function which calculates an overall value based on instantaneous loudness. Although N5 and LL(P) correlate for many sounds, their concepts are rather different. N5 is the loudness which is exceeded in five percent of the time, thus it is an ordinal value. LL(P) is the energetic mean of all instantaneous loudn...

Determining the Euclidean Distance Between Two Steady State Sounds

We describe a perceptual space for timbre, define an objective metric that takes into account perceptual orthogonality and measure the quality of timbre interpolation. We discuss two timbre representations and using these two representations, measure perceived relationships between pairs of sounds on a equivalent range of timbre variety. We determine that a timbre space based on Mel-frequency c...

Steady State Analysis of Nanofuel Droplet ‎Evaporation

The potential for nanofuels as one of the clean sources of energy on account of its enhanced combustion performance coupled with low emissions has been established. Considering the importance of the fuel evaporation phase in the entire combustion process, this work presents an attempt at applying the steady state analysis equations to nanofuel experimental data obtained from the li...